Physical Scientists earn $96,290 median salary: How pay compares by state and what it takes to enter the field
The median annual wage for Physical Scientists hit $96,290 in 2024, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. That’s roughly $46 an hour, with the top 10% pulling in $175,720 or more. The bottom 10% earn $57,870. With 264,650 jobs nationwide, this field offers a solid upper-middle-class income for those with the right science background.
How much Physical Scientists earn
The BLS reports a mean wage of $108,140—meaning half of workers earn more than $96,290 and half earn less. The typical range spans from $57,870 at the 10th percentile to $175,720 at the 90th. That wide spread reflects differences by industry, experience, and location.
Many Physical Scientists work in research and development, where pay tends to be higher. Others are employed by state and local governments or in manufacturing, which may offer lower starting salaries but steady advancement.
- Median: $96,290 per year | $46.30 per hour
- Mean: $108,140 per year | $52.00 per hour
- 10th percentile: $57,870 | 90th percentile: $175,720
Pay by state
The highest-paying states for Physical Scientists tend to be those with strong technology and energy sectors, such as California, Texas, and Massachusetts. Lower-paying states are often in the Midwest and South, where the cost of living is lower.
Note: BLS does not provide specific state median figures for this occupation, but general trends mirror regional economic factors.
How to become a Physical Scientist
Becoming a Physical Scientist typically requires at least a bachelor’s degree in a natural science (physics, chemistry, earth science, or a related field). Many positions, especially in research and academia, require a master’s or Ph.D.
- Earn a bachelor's degree in physics, chemistry, geology, or a similar field.
- Consider a master's or Ph.D. for advanced research or teaching roles.
- Gain laboratory or field experience through internships or tech jobs.
- Some roles may require certification (e.g., through the American Institute of Physics) or state licensure for certain applied sciences.
Job outlook
The BLS does not provide a specific projected growth rate for Physical Scientists from 2024 to 2034. However, demand for scientists is generally driven by continuing needs in research, environmental monitoring, and energy development.
Frequently asked questions
What does a Physical Scientist do?
Physical Scientists study the natural world, including physics, chemistry, astronomy, and earth sciences. They conduct experiments, analyze data, and develop theories to understand how the universe works.
Do Physical Scientists need a PhD?
A bachelor's degree is the minimum for entry-level jobs, but many positions—especially in research—require a master's or PhD. In academia and federal labs, a PhD is often essential.
Is $96,290 a typical starting salary?
No. The median reflects all experience levels. Entry-level Physical Scientists often start closer to the 10th percentile ($57,870). Salaries increase with experience, advanced degrees, and specialized skills.
What industries hire the most Physical Scientists?
The largest employers are research and development services, federal government (especially the Department of Energy and NASA), and manufacturing. State and local governments also hire for environmental and regulatory roles.
How many Physical Scientists work in the US?
The BLS counts 264,650 Physical Scientists nationwide as of 2024.
Salary figures are U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates (OEWS / Employment Projections). For informational purposes only; not career or financial advice. See the full Physical Scientists data.