Astronomers and Physicists earn $166,880 median salary – here's the full picture
The median salary for astronomers and physicists in the U.S. is $166,880, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The mean is slightly higher at $167,590, or about $80 per hour. That puts these scientists among the highest-paid professionals in the country.
How much Astronomers and Physicists earn
The middle 80% of astronomers and physicists earn between $82,110 and $266,310. That's the 10th to 90th percentile range. The top 10% clear a quarter-million dollars annually.
Most work in research and development, primarily for scientific labs, universities, and the federal government. Pay tends to be higher in private-sector R&D than in academia.
- Median annual wage: $166,880
- Mean annual wage: $167,590
- 10th percentile: $82,110
- 90th percentile: $266,310
Pay by state
BLS data for the highest- and lowest-paying states is not available at this time. However, employment is concentrated in states with major research universities and federal labs. Typical top-paying locations include California, Maryland, and Massachusetts, where cost of living is also higher.
How to become Astronomers and Physicist
A Ph.D. in physics or astronomy is the standard for research and university jobs. Master's-level positions exist in applied research, especially in industry. The path includes a bachelor's in physics or astronomy, then graduate school with a dissertation.
- Earn a bachelor's degree in physics, astronomy, or a related field.
- Complete a Ph.D. in physics or astronomy (5–7 years).
- Postdoctoral research (2–4 years) is common before a permanent position.
- Optional: a teaching certification for K–12 roles, or a professional master's for industry.
Job outlook
Projected growth data for 2024–2034 is not available from the BLS for this occupation. Employment currently stands at 22,540. Competition for tenure-track university jobs is intense; more openings exist in private R&D.
Frequently asked questions
Do astronomers and physicists earn more than other scientists?
Yes. Their median of $166,880 is much higher than the median for all life, physical, and social science occupations ($76,760). It also exceeds the median for most engineering fields.
What is the typical starting salary?
Entry-level positions (10th percentile) pay around $82,110. Postdocs and early-career roles in academia often start lower, but industry and government jobs tend to be higher.
How long does it take to become an astronomer?
Typically 8–10 years after high school: 4 years for a bachelor's, then 5–6 years for a Ph.D., plus optional postdoc. Some applied roles accept a master's, which adds 2 years after a bachelor's.
Salary figures are U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates (OEWS / Employment Projections). For informational purposes only; not career or financial advice. See the full Astronomers and Physicists data.